Rogers, Richard, Noortje Marres

Issue-networks on the Web: Method, Theory, Politics

Issue-networks on the Web: the programme-network, lifestyle-network, debate-network, summit-network, product-network and scandal-network. Or, how the Web can show that globalisation is done trans-organisationally.



Richard Rogers and Noortje Marres

The practices of selective hyperlinking by institutional and extra-institutional actors make it possible to locate issue-networks on the Web: networks of government, non-government, corporate, scientific, grassroots and/or individual's sites, mobilizing and organising around a common issue. With the aid of co-link analysis software as well as a new means of visualising networks and their development over time, these otherwise "invisible networks" may be charted. Building on previous social network analysis, actor-network theory and social network analysis of communities and movements, we move to the trans-organisational level, and map the developing social relations that hold together issues of globalisation.

Similar to the notion of "invisible colleges", these socio-organisational networks staging issues are often referred to, but their specific contours generally remain uncharted. As they configure on the Web, however, they can be captured, mapped and made readable. Especially in the case of issues of globalisation, which move beyond national and mass media frameworks, these invisible networks become one of the crucial sites for what we call 'issue-fication': the socio-political process by which reported events are turned into causes of collective concern. As hyperlinking among institutionally heterogenuous actors can be mapped on the Web, one may begin to understand how the issues of globalisation are called into being and collectively developed by such heterogenuous actor sets. As we approach it, one begins to understand how issues of globalization are held together, trans-organisationally.

Generally, we have begun to identify a series of issue network types, which are distinguished by the form of political procedure they evince, e.g., debate networks, summit networks, programme networks, and scandal networks, each of which, we are beginning to understand, has particular features as well as dynamics. The political procedures of debate, scandal, programme, summit and product are of course not particular to the Web. But as debates, issues, scandals, programmes, summits and products are collectively staged by actors on the Web, they can be seen to assume particular network-features. We hypothesize that each of the network types can be characterized on the basis of certain features as actor compositions and actor relations, as well as on certain dynamics as the development of these relations over time, and the currency of the network. Transformations from one network type to another can be charted, for example, when a network matures or dies out, or when it moves from summit network to debate network, or from programme to scandal network. For the dynamics of scandals, for example, we note the currency of accusations, for summits the currency of agenda items et cetera. Such particular network transformations provide a further grasp of how the issues of globalisation are being held together. Ultimately, this type of research would bring into view the networked forms of the political that are currently being articulated to accommodate issues of globalisation, by extra-institutional as well as institutional actors.

Panelists

Richard Rogers, University of Amsterdam/University of Vienna

Noortje Marres, University of Amsterdam

Jodi Dean, Hobart and William Smith Colleges